Flipped Learning (FL) is a popular contemporary instructional model where the traditional pedagogy strategies are enriched by technology to increase student engagement and learning outcomes by increasing the reflection and concept application opportunities in the classroom since students explore the key concepts before coming to class. FL is an instructional model enhanced by technology with several key elements. First, in the FL instructional model, the teacher switches the learning activities that traditionally happened in the classrooms, such as lectures, with learning activities that were designed for outside the classroom, such as reflections, videos, digital material. Second, the FL model takes advantage of technology to increase the accessibility of class content and to increase its engagement potential. Third, in the FL model technology serves to create personalized and tailored to individual needs content to keep participant engaged. Overall, FL is an instructional model that may be used to seeks deeper learning levels and fosters the development of critical thinking skills among students, by using the face-to-face time in classroom to create discussion and other learning activities intended to promote the integration of the new concepts to previous knowledge. Nowadays the FL approach is widely used in a different discipline such as nursing, medicine education, mathematics, social science, physic, humanities, engineering among others.

Integrating FL into classrooms represents great benefits for students and opportunities for teachers who want to improve the interaction between them and their students while increasing students learning outcomes. The following list of strategies found in the literatüre:

• Define the learning objectives clearly It is worthy and wise to begin establishing the outcomes we want to obtain and express it to the students since the first day of class.
• Be aware, since the beginning, about the accessibility and the gaps in the use of ICT tools that the student may have. It is important to know that not all students may have the tools or the channels to complete successfully all the online assignments. This reality has a special impact in the developing countries
• Do not feel frustrated if you can not produce all your videos and content for your class. You can find good free resources online that can enrich your classes. Some websites can provide you with additional resources and also try to collaborate with a colleague in producing videos and resources
• Prefer using short videos. Prepare short length videos (or use from the web) which met the desirable goal you established at the beginning and are aligned with the assignments
• Engage the students through motivational activities in face-to-face Look for other colleagues’ experience and also be updated about the last tools, type of activities and new methodologies you can use to improve the delivering of every encounter.
• Include collaborative work. Try to add specific tasks, study case, and practices which need to be performed in groups
• Give feedback to the students. Reply in a short period of time the inquiry and questions that the students have. Try to maintain the engagement through this type of actions.

One of the disadvantages of the FL model is that it is not appropriate for all topics and subjects. That requires an accurate analysis from the teacher to confirm if the FC model will enrich their class. The main challenges that we can mention are:

• Design new strategies to achieve learning objectives. An evaluation method that generates learning through its process and fosters a spirit of challenge in students is to be preferred
• Develop new tools to enrich the teaching-learning process and include new types of subjects.
• Keep the discipline of the instructors and the students outside of the classroom to achieve the learning objectives.

This work was supported by the ERANET-LAC project which has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme. Project Smart Ecosystem for Learning and Inclusion – ERANet17/ICT-0076SELI

More info: https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/7906/15785608852007141838.pdf?sequence=2